Operators

Most of the operators have more than one overload and act differently depending on arguments on stack. Arguments additionaly can be ordered or coerced. Types in Calcscript have priority, from the lowest to highest: number, array, string and block. Ordering takes two arguments from the stack, sorts them according to their priority and places them back on stack. Coercing converts arguments to be of the same type - argument with lower priority will be converted to match the second one.

When converting to boolean value, 0 , [] , '' and {} are considered falsy. Everything else is truthy.

+

Arguments: 2, coerced

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Arithmetic addition of arguments	2 3+	5
array	array	Array concatenation	[1 2][3 4]+	[1 2 3 4]
string	string	Text concatenation	'test''this'+	'testthis'
block	block	Block concatenation	'test'{123}+	{test 123}

-

Arguments: 2, coerced

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Arithmetic substraction of arguments	2 3-	-1
array	array	Removes from first array elements that are in second	[1 2][3 1]-	[1]

*

Arguments: 2, ordered

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Arithmetic multiplication of arguments	2 3*	6
array	number	Creates array that is a multiple copy of original	2[1 2]*	[1 2 1 2]
array	array	Join array using second array as separator	[1 2 3][4 5]*	[1 4 5 2 4 5 3]
string	array	Join array using separator	[1 2]','*	'1,2'
string	string	Use first string as an array and second as separator	'test'','*	't,e,s,t'
block	number	Executes block given number of times	2{3}*	3 3 3
block	array	Fold, reduce array to single value using block	[1 2 3 4]{+}*	10

/

Arguments: 2, ordered

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Arithmetic division of arguments	2 3/	0.667
array	number	Split into groups	[1 2 3 2 4]2/	[[1 2][3 2][4]]
array	array	Split array around matches	[1 2 3 2 4][2]/	[[1] [3] [4]]
block	array	Execute block for each argument in array	[1 2 3]{.}/	1 1 2 2 3 3
block	block	Unfold, while first block yields true execute second block and gather results into array	0 1 {20<}{.@+} /	13 [1 1 2 3 5 8 13]

%

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on *

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Arithmetic modulo of arguments	7 3%	1
array	number	Take every n-th element from array	[1 2 3 4 5]2%	[1 3 5]
string	string	Split string around matches, drop empty elements	't,e,s,t'','%	['t' 'e' 's' 't']
block	array	Map. Execute block for each argument in array and gather results	[1 3 5]{2*}%	[2 6 10]

$

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on +

Arguments		Result	Example
number		Get n-th element from stack	1 2 3 4 2$	2
array		Sort array elements	[5 3 1 6 2]$	[1 2 3 5 6]
string		Sort letters in string	'test'$	'estt'
block	array	Sort array using block as mapping	[5 3 1 6 2]{-1*}$	[6 5 3 2 1]

,

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on ;

Arguments		Result	Example
number		Create array from 0 to given number	5,	[0 1 2 3 4]
array		Get length of an array	[0 1 2 3 4],	5
block	array	Filter. Get elements from array that return true when executed by block	[0 1 2 3 4]{2%},	[1 3]

~

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on -

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Bitwise negate given number	5~	-6
array	Pop array values onto stack	[1 2 3]~	1 2 3
string	Evaluate string as script	'1 2+'~	3
block	Execute block	{1 2+}~	3

?

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on .

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Raise number to given power	2 8?	256
array	number	Get index of element	[1 2 3 4]2?	1
block	array	Get element that first passes given condition	[1 2 3 4]{2%}?	1

|

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on 7

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Bitwise OR	2 8|	10
array	array	Set union	[1 2 3][2 4]|	[1 2 3 4]

&

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on 8

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Bitwise AND	2 8&	0
array	array	Set intersection	[1 2 3][2 4]&	[2]

^

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on 9

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Bitwise XOR	2 8^	10
array	array	Set symmetric difference	[1 2 3][3 4]^	[1 2 4]

<

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on [

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Compare values	2 8<	1
array	number	Get first n elements of an array	[1 2 3]2<	[1 2]
string	string	Compare values	'test''abc'<	0

>

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on ]

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Compare values	2 8>	0
array	number	Remove first n elements from an array	[1 2 3]2>	[3]
string	string	Compare values	'test''abc'>	1

=

Arguments: 2, ordered

How to input: Long click on =

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Compare values	2 8=	0
array	number	Get element of given index, -1 if not found	[1 2 3]2=	3
string	string	Compare values	'test''abc'=	0

(

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on {

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Decrement value	8(	7
array	Extract first element from array	[1 2 3](	1[2 3]

)

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on }

Arguments		Result	Example
number	Increment value	8)	9
array	Extract last element from array	[1 2 3](	3[1 2]

`

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on ⇧

Arguments	Result	Example
any	Convert to string	8`	'8'

!

Arguments: 1

How to input: Long click on :

Arguments	Result	Example
any	Negate value. 0, [], '' and {} will result in 1, otherwise 0	8!	0

.

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
any	Duplicate value on top of the stack	[1 2 3].	[1 2 3][1 2 3]

@

Arguments: 3

How to input: Long click on 0

Arguments			Third argument	Result	Example
any	any	any	Rotate arguments on top of the stack. Extract third argument to the top.	1 2 3@	2 3 1

\

Arguments: 2

How to input: Long click on /

Arguments		Result	Example
any	any	Swap two arguments on top of the stack.	1 2 3\	1 3 2

;

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
any	Remove top of the stack.	1 2 3;	1 2

[

Arguments: 0

Arguments	Result	Example
(none)	Marks position of the stack for slicing.	[1 2 3]	[1 2 3]

]

Arguments: 0

Arguments	Result	Example
(none)	Slices stack where it has been marked.	[1 2 3]	[1 2 3]

abs

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns absolute value of an number.	-3abs	3

and

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
any	any	Lazy and - returns first argument if it's falsy otherwise returns second.	4 {1.} and	1 1

or

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
any	any	Lazy or - returns first argument if it's truthy otherwise returns second.	4 {1.} or	4

xor

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
any	any	Exclusive or - returns one of the arguments that is truthy. If both are truthy returns 0.	4 {1.} xor	1 0

do

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
block	Executes block, pops a value from the stack, if it's truthy then repeat.	5{1-..}do	4 3 2 1 0 0

if

Arguments: 3

Arguments			Result	Example
any	any	any	If first argument is truthy then execute second, otherwise execute third.	5 1 {2 0/}if	1

while

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
block	block	Executes first block (condition). If result is truthy then execute second. Repeat.	5{.}{1-.}while	4 3 2 1 0 0

until

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
block	block	Executes first block (condition). If result is falsy then execute second. Repeat.	5{.}{1-.}until	5

rand

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a random number from 0 up to (but not including) given number.	5rand	3

zip

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
array	Swap array rows with columns.	[[1 2][3 4][5 6]]zip	[[1 3 5][2 4 6]]

pi

Arguments: 0

Arguments	Result	Example
(none)	Returns a value of π.	pi	3.141

sin

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math sine value for given number.	0.3sin	0.296

cos

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math cosine value for given number.	0.3cos	0.955

tan

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math tangent value for given number.	0.3tan	0.309

asin

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns an inverse math sine value for given number.	0.296asin	0.3

acos

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns an inverse math cosine value for given number.	0.3acos	1.266

atan

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns an inverse math tangent value for given number.	0.995atan	0.782

sinh

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math hyperbolic sine value for given number.	0.3sinh	0.304

cosh

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math hyperbolic cosine value for given number.	0.3cos	1.045

tanh

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a math hyperbolic tangent value for given number.	0.3tanh	0.291

e

Arguments: 0

Arguments	Result	Example
(none)	Returns a value of E.	e	2.718

ln

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Returns a value of natural logarithm.	e ln	1

log

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Returns a value of logarithm for given number and base.	32 2log	5

exp

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Raises E to a given power. Equivalent of e x?.	2exp	7.389

sum

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
array	Returns a sum for all numbers in array.	[1 2 3] sum	6

base

Arguments: 2

Arguments		Result	Example
number	number	Convert number to different base.	6 2 base	[1 1 0]
array	number	Interprets an array as a number in given base.	[1 1 0] 2 base	6

hex

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Converts a number to a hexadecimal string.	123hex	'x7b'

bin

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Converts a number to a binary string.	123bin	'b1111011'

oct

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
number	Converts a number to an octal string.	123oct	'o173'

dec

Arguments: 1

Arguments	Result	Example
string	Converts a string from hexadecimal, binary or octal format to a number.	'xcafe'dec	51966